Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

• Factor Analysis: a statistical procedure that identifies clusters or related items on a test.
• Charles Spearman used FA to discover his g or (general intelligence).
• Multiple Intelligence: Howard Gardner disagree with Spearman's g and came up with the concept of multiple intelligence. He came up with the idea by studying savants(a condition where a person has limited mental ability but is exceptional in one area).
• Gardner's Multiple Intelligence:
• Visual/Spatial
• Verbal/Linguistic
• Logical/Mathematical
• Bodily/Kinesthetic
• Musical/Rhythmic
• Interpersonal
• Intrapersonal
• Natural
• Sternberg's Three Aspects of Intelligence:
• Analytical (academic problem solving)
• Creative (generating novel ideas)
• Practical (required for everyday tasks where multiple solutions exist)
• Emotional Intelligence: the ability to perceive, express, understand and regulate emotions.
• Brain Function and Intelligence: higher performing brains use less active that lower performing brains (use less glucose). Neurological speed is also a bit quicker.
• Mental Age: what a person of a particular age should know.
• Problems with the IQ formula: it doesn't work well with adults.
• Modern Tests of Mental Abilities: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS) consists of 11 subjects and cues us in strengths by using factor analysis.
• Aptitude v. Achievement Tests
• Aptitude: a test designed to predict a person's future performance. The ability for that person to learn.
• Achievement: a test designed to assess what a person has learned.
• Standardization: the test must be pre-tested to a representative sample of people.
• Flynn Effect: intelligence test performance has been rising.
• Reliability: the extent which a test yields consistent results over time.
• Validity: the extent to which a test measures what is suppose to be measure.
• Content Validity: does the test sample a behavior of interest.
• Predictive Validity: does the test predict future behavior.
• Does Intelligence Change Over Time?
  By age 3, a child's IQ can predict adolescent IQ scores. Depends on the type of intelligence, crystallized of fluid.